vault backup: 2026-11-07 16:33:44
This commit is contained in:
cheney
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
|
||||
监测管理网络设备的工具。SNMP="Simple Network Management Protocol"="简单网络管理协议"，应用层协议，传输层一般采用UDP。SNMP采用 UDP 161端口接收和发送请求，162端口接收trap。
|
||||
|
||||
SNMP 目前共有 3 个版本，分别为 v1、v2 和 v3，说明如下：
|
||||
- SNMP v1：是 SNMP 协议的最初版本，在 1988 年被制定，并被 Internet 体系结构委员会（IAB）采纳作为一个短期的网络管理解决方案。不过依然是众多厂家实现SNMP基本方式。
|
||||
- SNMP v2：是 1992 年发布的 SNMP 的第二个版本。它修订了第一版，并且在性能、安全、机密性和管理者之间通信等方面进行了大量改进。通常被指是基于community的SNMP V2。Community实质上就是密码。
|
||||
- SNMP v3：是目前最新的版本。它是 2004 年制定的，协议编号为 RFC3411-RFC3418（STD0062）。它为提升协议的安全性，增加了认证和密文传输功能，它对网络管理最大的贡献在于其安全性
|
||||
|
||||
## 架构
|
||||
SNMP网络架构组成：NMS（网络管理站）、Agent（代理）、MIB（管理信息库）
|
||||
|
||||
Agent（代理）运行在被管理的网络节点上。
|
||||
NMS（网络管理站）负责收集维护各个SNMP 元素的信息(NMS主动向Agent请求，或Agent主动SNMP trap 上传），能请求/上传哪些内容去MIB中读取（MIB定义了设备中的被管理对象）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![[7c1f20e259bd77445fba6dd39df75b22_f0a37d4194ff4267bfedd0e8e852b3dd.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 配置
|
||||
```
|
||||
cd /etc/snmp/
|
||||
```
|
||||
有 snmpd.conf 、snmptrapd.conf 两个配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 允许远程主机访问
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，snmp服务只是对本地开启，是无法通过远程获取该主机的snmp信息的：
|
||||
|
||||
> root@apig:/etc/snmp# sudo netstat -antup | grep 161
|
||||
> udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:161 0.0.0.0:* 19410/snmpd
|
||||
|
||||
可以看到，161端口只对本机开放（161端口号是snmp服务的端口号），我们需要修改一下，让snmp服务对外开放。
|
||||
|
||||
修改`/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf`配置文件，大概在15行，将下面一行注释掉：
|
||||
|
||||
> agentAddress udp:127.0.0.1:161
|
||||
|
||||
同时去掉下面这一行的注释：
|
||||
|
||||
> #agentAddress udp:161,udp6:[::1]:161
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
重新启动snmp服务，再通过命令观察：
|
||||
|
||||
> root@apig:/etc/snmp# sudo service snmpd restart
|
||||
> root@apig:/etc/snmp# sudo netstat -antup | grep 161
|
||||
> udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:161 0.0.0.0:* 19770/snmpd
|
||||
> udp6 0 0 ::1:161 :::* 19770/snmpd
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 配置共同体（可理解为密码）
|
||||
snmpd.conf 中需要配置
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
rocommunity public
|
||||
syslocation "Your Location"
|
||||
syscontact your@email.com
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
SNMP community strings leverage a user ID or password to access the router or other device information. SNMP community strings are only available with SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c protocols. SNMPv3 requires username/password authentication as well as an encryption key. Many SNMPv1 and v2c devices are shipped with a “public” read-only community string. Most network administrators customize the community strings in the device settings as a best practice.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
自行修改
|
||||
```
|
||||
rocommunity sunyard
|
||||
syslocation "Hangzhou Zhejiang China"
|
||||
syscontact scm@sunyard.com
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![[Pasted image 20241023152807.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## SNMP OID
|
||||
Network Interface Statistics
|
||||
List NIC names: .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2
|
||||
Get Bytes IN: .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10
|
||||
Get Bytes IN for NIC 4: .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.4
|
||||
Get Bytes OUT: .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16
|
||||
Get Bytes OUT for NIC 4: .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16.4
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
CPU Statistics
|
||||
Load
|
||||
1 minute Load: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.1
|
||||
5 minute Load: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.2
|
||||
15 minute Load: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.3
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
CPU times
|
||||
percentage of user CPU time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.9.0
|
||||
raw user cpu time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.50.0
|
||||
percentages of system CPU time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.10.0
|
||||
raw system cpu time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.52.0
|
||||
percentages of idle CPU time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.11.0
|
||||
raw idle cpu time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.53.0
|
||||
raw nice cpu time: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.51.0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Memory Statistics
|
||||
Total Swap Size: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.3.0
|
||||
Available Swap Space: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.4.0
|
||||
Total RAM in machine: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.5.0
|
||||
Total RAM used: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.6.0
|
||||
Total RAM Free: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.11.0
|
||||
Total RAM Shared: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.13.0
|
||||
Total RAM Buffered: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.14.0
|
||||
Total Cached Memory: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.15.0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Disk Statistics
|
||||
Add the following line to snmpd.conf and restart:
|
||||
`includeAllDisks 10% for all partitions and disks`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Disk OID's
|
||||
Path where the disk is mounted: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.2.1
|
||||
Path of the device for the partition: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.3.1
|
||||
Total size of the disk/partion (kBytes): .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.6.1
|
||||
Available space on the disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.7.1
|
||||
Used space on the disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.8.1
|
||||
Percentage of space used on disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.9.1
|
||||
Percentage of inodes used on disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.10.1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
System Uptime: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 什么是SNMP trap？
|
||||
|
||||
被管理设备主动上发消息
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 参考
|
||||
- [Linux SNMP OID’s for CPU, Memory and Disk Statistics](http://www.linux-admins.net/2012/02/linux-snmp-oids-for-cpumemory-and-disk.html)
|
||||
- [SNMP的安装与Trap的发送与接收java实现](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42551921/article/details/117479344)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user